Full-wave DC output, ripple, and filter capacitor for bridge rectifiers
Vm = Vs × √2
Vdc = (2 × Vm) / π = 0.636 × Vm (no filter)
Vdc_actual = Vdc − 2×Vf (two diode drops)
Ripple Vr ≈ Vdc / (2 × f × C × RL)
Efficiency = 81.2% | Ripple factor = 0.48 | Ripple freq = 2 × f